ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS THAT SPEED UP SPECIFIC REACTIONS IN CELLS
-to start a chemical reaction, it if first necessary to weaken chemical bonds ion the reactants molecules
-Activation Energy: minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction and activate the reactants
-to provide activation energy: heat up the mixtures of molecules.
-hotter molecules collide with enough energy to weaken bonds, whereas cooler molecules collide with less energy
-heating cell can cause many unnecessary reactions to occur at once
Catalysts: compounds that speed up chemical reactions that cellular reactions depend on for assistance
Enzymes: main catalysts of chemical reactions in organisms that are specialized proteins
-enzymes provides a way for reactions to occur at cell's normal temperature.
-enzymes don't supply activation energy to reacting molecules, but lowers the energy required so the reaction can proceed at normal temperature
-enzyme catalyzes specific kinds of chemical reactions
HOW ENZYMES WORK
-enzymes fit in the shape of just one particular reactant molecule, therefore it only catalyze on type of reactions
-Substrate: specific reactant acted on by an enzyme.
-Active Sit: region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.
-fit between substrate and enzyme is not rigid.
-as substrate enters active site, it changes its shape slightly, to fit better
-the tighter grip may also bend the substrate, weakening bonds
-the tighter grip may also bend the substrate, weakening bonds
-sucrose is slightly distorted when entering the active site in a reaction
-weakened bond reacts with water
- the result is two products: a glucose molecule and fructose molecule.
- the result is two products: a glucose molecule and fructose molecule.
-if either one of the results are released, the enzyme active site would accept another sucrose molecule.
-another way that an enzyme can lower activation energy is by accepting two reactant molecules into adjacent sites-enzymes structure and shape are essential to its function.
-factors such as pH and temperature is greatly affects the enzymes work, or if it can work at all
-cells can only survive and function within certain ranges of conditions in temperature, etc.
CONCEPT CHECK:
1. Explain the role of activation energy in a reaction. How does an enzyme affect activation energy?
The role of the activation energy in a reaction is to start up the required molecules to absorb energy which is to trigger a chemical reaction and activate the reactants, allowing a chemical reaction to occur. An enzyme affects activation energy because it speeds up cellular reactions and provides a way for reactions to occur at cell's normal temperature.
2. Describe how a substrate interacts with an enzyme.
A substrate interacts with an enzyme by helping this specific reactant fit into a particular region, the active site. When it fits in the active site, the active site changed slightly, fitting the substrate better.
CONCEPT CHECK:
1. Explain the role of activation energy in a reaction. How does an enzyme affect activation energy?
The role of the activation energy in a reaction is to start up the required molecules to absorb energy which is to trigger a chemical reaction and activate the reactants, allowing a chemical reaction to occur. An enzyme affects activation energy because it speeds up cellular reactions and provides a way for reactions to occur at cell's normal temperature.
2. Describe how a substrate interacts with an enzyme.
A substrate interacts with an enzyme by helping this specific reactant fit into a particular region, the active site. When it fits in the active site, the active site changed slightly, fitting the substrate better.
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